Tax Debt and Bankruptcy in Phoenix

Certain tax debts can be discharged in bankruptcy if they meet specific timing rules. Here is what Phoenix residents need to know.

This page provides general educational information, not legal advice. Consult a qualified attorney for advice about your specific situation.

The 3-2-240 Rule for Tax Discharge

Federal income tax debt may be dischargeable if ALL three timing conditions are met:

3 Years
Return due 3+ years before filing
2 Years
Return filed 2+ years before filing
240 Days
Tax assessed 240+ days before filing

Warning: Extensions, amended returns, audits, and prior offers in compromise can toll (pause) these time periods. Get professional analysis before relying on these rules.

Tax Debts That Cannot Be Discharged

  • Payroll taxes (trust fund): Never dischargeable if you collected employee withholding.
  • Taxes with no return filed: If you never filed the return, the tax cannot be discharged.
  • Fraudulent returns: Willful fraud or evasion.
  • Recent assessments: Assessed within 240 days of filing.
  • Tax liens: Recorded federal tax liens survive bankruptcy and attach to property owned at filing.

Arizona Tax Considerations

Arizona has a flat state income tax of 2.5%, so state tax debt can be an issue in Phoenix bankruptcies alongside federal IRS obligations. Arizona state income taxes may be dischargeable if they meet the same timing rules as federal taxes (three-year, two-year, 240-day tests). Maricopa County property taxes must be addressed separately.

Chapter 7 vs. Chapter 13 for Tax Debt

Chapter 7

  • Discharge qualifying tax debts entirely
  • Must pass the means test
  • Tax liens survive on existing property
  • Best for old taxes meeting 3-2-240 rules

Chapter 13

  • Priority taxes paid in full over 3-5 years
  • No penalties or additional interest during plan
  • Stops all IRS collection including levies
  • Best for recent non-dischargeable taxes

Frequently Asked Questions

Can tax debt be discharged in bankruptcy?

Some tax debt can be discharged if it meets the 3-2-240 rules: return due 3+ years ago, filed 2+ years ago, assessed 240+ days ago. Arizona state income taxes may be dischargeable under similar timing rules.

What tax debts cannot be discharged?

Payroll taxes, taxes with no return filed, fraudulent returns, and taxes assessed within 240 days generally cannot be discharged. Tax liens survive bankruptcy.

What are the 3-2-240 rules for tax discharge?

Three timing rules: (1) return due 3+ years before filing, (2) return filed 2+ years before filing, (3) tax assessed 240+ days before filing. All three must be met.

Can Chapter 13 help with non-dischargeable tax debt?

Yes. Chapter 13 lets you pay non-dischargeable tax debt over 3-5 years without penalties or additional interest. The automatic stay stops all IRS collection.

Does the IRS garnish wages differently?

Yes. The IRS can levy wages without a court judgment. Bankruptcy stops IRS levies immediately. Arizona has a flat state income tax of 2.5%, so state tax debt can be an issue in Phoenix bankruptcies alongside federal IRS obligations. Arizona state income taxes may be dischargeable if they meet the same timing rules as federal taxes (three-year, two-year, 240-day tests). Maricopa County property taxes must be addressed separately.

Should I file an offer in compromise or bankruptcy in Phoenix?

It depends on your total debt. An OIC settles tax debt for less but takes 12+ months. Bankruptcy may be faster and addresses other debts simultaneously.

Check Your Eligibility

Use the free 1328(f) screener to check whether a prior discharge affects your eligibility for a new bankruptcy discharge.

Free Discharge Screener Means Test Guide

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