Student Loans and Bankruptcy in Phoenix

Student loan discharge in bankruptcy is difficult but not impossible. For Phoenix residents, here is what you need to know about the undue hardship standard and recent changes.

This page provides general educational information, not legal advice. Consult a qualified attorney for advice about your specific situation.

Can Student Loans Be Discharged?

Under 11 U.S.C. section 523(a)(8), student loans are presumed non-dischargeable unless you prove "undue hardship" through an adversary proceeding. However, the DOJ issued 2023 guidance making discharge easier, and courts are granting more discharges.

The Undue Hardship Standard

Most courts use the Brunner test:

  • Current inability to pay: Based on current income and expenses, you cannot maintain a minimal standard of living and repay.
  • Persisting circumstances: Additional circumstances (disability, age, lack of skills) are likely to persist.
  • Good faith effort: You have made good faith efforts to repay, including applying for IDR plans.

Arizona-Specific Considerations

Arizona residents face the standard federal garnishment rules for student loans (up to 15% of disposable pay via administrative garnishment). The Ninth Circuit applies the Brunner test for undue hardship discharge, but recent DOJ guidance has made it easier to negotiate partial or full discharge. Arizona State University and University of Arizona graduates carry significant student loan debt.

Alternatives to Discharge

  • Income-driven repayment (IDR): Cap payments at 10-20% of discretionary income. The SAVE plan further reduced payments.
  • Eliminate other debts: Discharging credit cards and medical bills frees income for student loan payments.
  • Automatic stay protection: Filing stops garnishment and tax refund offset during the case.
  • Public Service Loan Forgiveness: After 120 qualifying payments while working for government/nonprofit.
  • Partial discharge: Some courts discharge a portion of student loans.

Chapter 7 vs. Chapter 13 for Student Loan Debtors

Chapter 7

  • Eliminates other debts quickly
  • Can file adversary proceeding for student loan discharge
  • Stops collection for 3-4 months

Chapter 13

  • Stops collection for 3-5 years
  • Can prioritize student loan payments in plan
  • No interest accrues on other debts during plan

Frequently Asked Questions

Can student loans be discharged in bankruptcy?

Discharging student loans is difficult but not impossible. You must file an adversary proceeding in the D. Ariz. and prove undue hardship. Recent DOJ guidance (2023) has made discharge easier.

What is the Brunner test for student loan discharge?

The Brunner test requires: (1) you cannot maintain a minimal standard of living and repay, (2) additional circumstances are likely to persist, and (3) you made good faith efforts to repay.

What is the income-driven repayment alternative?

IDR plans cap monthly payments at 10-20% of discretionary income. After 20-25 years, the balance is forgiven. The SAVE plan (2024) further reduced payments.

Can student loans garnish my wages in Arizona?

Arizona residents face the standard federal garnishment rules for student loans (up to 15% of disposable pay via administrative garnishment). The Ninth Circuit applies the Brunner test for undue hardship discharge, but recent DOJ guidance has made it easier to negotiate partial or full discharge. Arizona State University and University of Arizona graduates carry significant student loan debt.

Does bankruptcy stop student loan collection?

Yes. Filing stops garnishment, tax refund offset, and Social Security offset for the duration of the case.

What about private student loans?

Private student loans can potentially be discharged under the same undue hardship standard, and some courts are more willing to discharge private loans.

Check Your Eligibility

Use the free 1328(f) screener to check whether a prior discharge affects your eligibility for a new bankruptcy discharge.

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